Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes Free Essays

Introduction Sustainability in construction is a common issue today, ranging from sustainable design to sustainable technologies. These issues have made the United Kingdom’s Government push forward for alternative advances in various technologies and renewable energies. The government are also looking for any other strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because the scientific evidence shows that the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are growing rapidly in UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to 47% of the national energy consumption that is used by the UK homes and domestic buildings regardless of when lighting, appliances and buildings are energy efficient as well as having zero carbon technologies are installed. Due to the higher rate of energy consumption that homes in United Kingdom’s generate, the government came out with an idea that, all newly built homes in England and Wales should be built to zero carbon by 2016. By progressively tightening the energy efficiency building regulations by 25% in 2010; and by 44% by 2013 leading up to the zero carbon target in 2016. Aim and Objective The aim and objective of this project is to design a three bedroom family house that will achieve code level 6 zero carbon footprint. This can be done by using a sustainable and eco friendly materials. Research will also carried out on current zero carbon homes project and also looking into the past project that has already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Climate Change The word of climate change is one of the biggest threats to the global environment especially to the developed country like UK. It needs an urgent and radical response if we want to secure and enhanced our prosperity and quality of life. The uses of fossil fuel (oil, coal and gas) for energy and transport has already damage our climate and as a result of this, the climate change is already having impact on our live and is expected to destroy the live hoods of many people in the developing world as well as ecosystem and species, The research carried out shows that greenhouse gasses is the main contributors to the climate change and the government are committed to reduce the production of greenhouse gasses particular on carbon dioxide. In November 2008, the climate change act became law this is because the government want to reduce carbon dioxide emission CO2 by a minimum of 26% by the year 2020 with a long time goal of 80% reduction by 2050. The scientific evidence shows that 47% of carbon dioxide emission CO2 in the UK come from the energy used in our house and other domestic building e.g. hospital, school and offices. In other to eliminate carbon emissions from the built environment by 2050, we need to start making our building as energy efficient as possible and using on site renewable energy, community scale renewable and decarbonisation of the grid. The UK government has done a lot in other to achieve the commitment of the climate change Act by introducing mandatory energy performance certificate for sale and purchase of new and existing homes, The government banned incandescent light bulbs in favour of energy saving light bulb, introducing the climate change level where businesses must pay additional tax on their use that is non renewable energy and by passing energy act 2008 which introduce measure such as the feed in tariff, smart metering, renewable heat incentive and carbon capture storage. The government even went as far as introducing the renewable obligation whereby all electricity suppliers must provide 10% of the electricity they sell from renewable sources. The issue of the climate change is behind why we arrived on the sustainable development. Sustainable Development Sustainable development has become generally accepted as planning goals in UK, which was defined by Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions London (2000) as; â€Å"The simple initiative of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come† The intention of the definitions is to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives and at the same time given us more inclusive society by which the benefit of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. The key objective of achieving the sustainable development is as follow; The sensible use of natural resources The effective protection of the environment Maintaining high levels of economic growth and employment Social progress that recognises the needs of everyone The sustainable development is a serious matter because need for growth is becoming huge as ever especially in a developing world. At this point of time, the environments are struggling to cope with the current levels of consumptions, e.g. Energy Consumption which is having huge impact on the climate change. The government has to come out with a new way of meeting people’s need, prospect and aspiration to ensure that our economy, society and environment grow and develop in harmony. We should also know that, the design and construction of a building play major role in contributing to the sustainable development. The issues of sustainable development lead us to the sustainable design which concentrates on how individual or groups of building complies with the objective of sustainable development. This is by ensuring that the sustainable designs are; The construction of buildings should minimises the amount of resources they use, including energy, waste and pollution The materials used for construction should be environmentally and eco friendly The existing built fabric should be re-used as far as possible Buildings are energy efficient The issue of sustainable design usually focus on long term benefit rather than short term saving reason is that, sustainable building will cost less to build and has smaller impact on the environment in terms of natural resources that are used during the construction. Literature Review Scope of the Chapter This chapter explains what zero carbon homes is also the sustainable principle and sustainable codes. All relevant building regulations especially Part L 2006 will be looking at in other to accomplish the aim of the project. Analysing case study on the previous project that already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Conclusion Research will be on case studies, materials and design of past projects will be discussed and at a later date incorporated it into proposed three bedrooms family house. The discussion on how the building will achieve code level 6 will on be considered in the chapter and the consumption of energy that the house use will also be detailed. How to cite Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes, Essay examples

Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes Free Essays

Introduction Sustainability in construction is a common issue today, ranging from sustainable design to sustainable technologies. These issues have made the United Kingdom’s Government push forward for alternative advances in various technologies and renewable energies. The government are also looking for any other strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because the scientific evidence shows that the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are growing rapidly in UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to 47% of the national energy consumption that is used by the UK homes and domestic buildings regardless of when lighting, appliances and buildings are energy efficient as well as having zero carbon technologies are installed. Due to the higher rate of energy consumption that homes in United Kingdom’s generate, the government came out with an idea that, all newly built homes in England and Wales should be built to zero carbon by 2016. By progressively tightening the energy efficiency building regulations by 25% in 2010; and by 44% by 2013 leading up to the zero carbon target in 2016. Aim and Objective The aim and objective of this project is to design a three bedroom family house that will achieve code level 6 zero carbon footprint. This can be done by using a sustainable and eco friendly materials. Research will also carried out on current zero carbon homes project and also looking into the past project that has already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Climate Change The word of climate change is one of the biggest threats to the global environment especially to the developed country like UK. It needs an urgent and radical response if we want to secure and enhanced our prosperity and quality of life. The uses of fossil fuel (oil, coal and gas) for energy and transport has already damage our climate and as a result of this, the climate change is already having impact on our live and is expected to destroy the live hoods of many people in the developing world as well as ecosystem and species, The research carried out shows that greenhouse gasses is the main contributors to the climate change and the government are committed to reduce the production of greenhouse gasses particular on carbon dioxide. In November 2008, the climate change act became law this is because the government want to reduce carbon dioxide emission CO2 by a minimum of 26% by the year 2020 with a long time goal of 80% reduction by 2050. The scientific evidence shows that 47% of carbon dioxide emission CO2 in the UK come from the energy used in our house and other domestic building e.g. hospital, school and offices. In other to eliminate carbon emissions from the built environment by 2050, we need to start making our building as energy efficient as possible and using on site renewable energy, community scale renewable and decarbonisation of the grid. The UK government has done a lot in other to achieve the commitment of the climate change Act by introducing mandatory energy performance certificate for sale and purchase of new and existing homes, The government banned incandescent light bulbs in favour of energy saving light bulb, introducing the climate change level where businesses must pay additional tax on their use that is non renewable energy and by passing energy act 2008 which introduce measure such as the feed in tariff, smart metering, renewable heat incentive and carbon capture storage. The government even went as far as introducing the renewable obligation whereby all electricity suppliers must provide 10% of the electricity they sell from renewable sources. The issue of the climate change is behind why we arrived on the sustainable development. Sustainable Development Sustainable development has become generally accepted as planning goals in UK, which was defined by Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions London (2000) as; â€Å"The simple initiative of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come† The intention of the definitions is to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives and at the same time given us more inclusive society by which the benefit of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. The key objective of achieving the sustainable development is as follow; The sensible use of natural resources The effective protection of the environment Maintaining high levels of economic growth and employment Social progress that recognises the needs of everyone The sustainable development is a serious matter because need for growth is becoming huge as ever especially in a developing world. At this point of time, the environments are struggling to cope with the current levels of consumptions, e.g. Energy Consumption which is having huge impact on the climate change. The government has to come out with a new way of meeting people’s need, prospect and aspiration to ensure that our economy, society and environment grow and develop in harmony. We should also know that, the design and construction of a building play major role in contributing to the sustainable development. The issues of sustainable development lead us to the sustainable design which concentrates on how individual or groups of building complies with the objective of sustainable development. This is by ensuring that the sustainable designs are; The construction of buildings should minimises the amount of resources they use, including energy, waste and pollution The materials used for construction should be environmentally and eco friendly The existing built fabric should be re-used as far as possible Buildings are energy efficient The issue of sustainable design usually focus on long term benefit rather than short term saving reason is that, sustainable building will cost less to build and has smaller impact on the environment in terms of natural resources that are used during the construction. Literature Review Scope of the Chapter This chapter explains what zero carbon homes is also the sustainable principle and sustainable codes. All relevant building regulations especially Part L 2006 will be looking at in other to accomplish the aim of the project. Analysing case study on the previous project that already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Conclusion Research will be on case studies, materials and design of past projects will be discussed and at a later date incorporated it into proposed three bedrooms family house. The discussion on how the building will achieve code level 6 will on be considered in the chapter and the consumption of energy that the house use will also be detailed. How to cite Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes, Essay examples

Lucky Brand Jeans Essay Example

Lucky Brand Jeans Paper Most of their Jeans are priced at around $1 00 with the exception of a few that are a bit more expensive, promising retreat fit and quality at lower prices than competitors such as True Religion and Seven for All Mankind. Lucky Brand Jeans has a very specific style and aesthetic that attracts a specific customer, but there basic Jeans brings In many customers looking for a pair of great fitting jeans. Lucy Jeans do have excellent fits that flatter many body types and slut different styles but the quality of there product must be Improved In order to turn those new customers into loyal ones who will only wear Lucky Brand Jeans. Lucky jeans look good and fit very well but they do not last very long and can succumb to piping and tearing. There jeans are meant to look rugged and vintage inspired but no customer would want there new jeans to fall apart only after a few months. This is specifically a problem with jeans that have holes and tears already put into them but pretty soon the tears and wholes can get too big and before long they look a little too rugged. Lucky has to improve the quality of their denim if they want to keep a loyal customer base like those of True Religion of Seven for All Mankind. Lucky Brand has to find a balance between the design aesthetic and functionality because what looks DOD may not be the most long lasting. Lucky Brand Jeans has a very specific look and their customer is well defined and specific. The peace-sign logics and tie-dye t-shirts are not for everyone but Lucky has done a good job of focusing on the wants of the specific customer they have in mind; the free spirit with a love of Rock and Roll. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Brand Jeans specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Brand Jeans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Brand Jeans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lucky has a very specific style and a wide range of products which differentiates it from many of its competitors. Lucky has a point of view and design that attracts a loyal customer base and they will continue to grow If they improve the quality of their denim. Pairing great quality Jeans with a great fit and identifiable look will make Lucky Brand Jeans a stronger presence in denim brands Lucky Brand Jeans By blabbermouths Lucky Brand Jeans is a brand rooted in the hippie culture of the sasss and rock and of all their Jeans. Lucky Brand incorporates a sense of humor into their products that at around $100 with the exception of a few that are a bit more expensive, promising customer, but there basic Jeans brings in many customers looking for a pair of great fitting Jeans. Lucy Jeans do have excellent fits that flatter many body types and suit efferent styles but the quality of there product must be improved in order to turn ripping and tearing. There Jeans are meant to look rugged and vintage inspired but no customer would want there new Jeans to fall apart only after a few months. This is specifically a problem with Jeans that have holes and tears already put into them but specific. The peace-sign logos and tie-dye t-shirts are not for everyone but Lucky has done a good Job of focusing on the wants of the specific customer they have in mind; grow if they improve the quality of their denim. Pairing great quality Jeans with a

Public Relation Paper

Public Relation Paper University of PhoenixJuly 31, 2006MKT 438IntroductionIn this paper I will define public relations from three different sources, and include my own personal definition. I will also compare and contrast these definitions geared towards what public relations does and how it helps us. The definition from Wikipedia, states public relations is the art and science of managing communication between an organization and its key publics to build, manage and sustain its positive image. Corporations use marketing public relations to convey information about the products they manufacture or services they provide to potential customers to support their direct sales efforts. Additionally, this paper will discuss the publicity and advertising in terms of their impact on publics. (www.wikipedia) Other ways a public relation is would be when election time is approaching, politicians use public relations to attract votes and raise money.Personal definitionPublic Relations (PR) is communication to build and maintain a favorable image for an organization, maintain the goodwill of its many publics, and explain its goals and purposes.English: Relation between CTR(V) and advertising a...

Free sample - Types of Evaluation. translation missing

Types of Evaluation. Types of EvaluationProcess evaluation Rossi, Lipsey, Freeman (2004), define the process evaluation as the type of evaluation that focuses on the way in which a program was implemented and how the program is operating. It keys out the procedures that are used as well as the decisions that are made in developing the program. Process evaluation describes the way in which a program operates, the type of services it offers, and the functions it fulfills. Process evaluation used the experimental data to assess the delivery of the implemented program. It verifies on what the program is meant to do and whether the program is implemented as required. Process evaluation is very important in a number of ways as listed below: It is useful in determining the degree to which a given program will be implemented according to the available plan. Very useful in assessing and documenting the degree of variability and fidelity in the implementation of a program irrespective of whether it is expected or unexpected, planned or unplanned. It is used in comparing multiple sites in relation to fidelity. Process evaluation is used to give validity regarding the relationship between intervention used and its outcomes.   Used to give out the information concerning the type of components of the given interventions, which can bring about the outcomes. It is helpful in allowing one to understand how the program context and program processes relate to each other. The program context can be the setting characteristics while the program process can be the levels of implementation. Useful in providing managers with the feedback regarding the quality of the implementation. Used to improve the components used in delivery. Used to provide the program accountability to the public, sponsors, funders, and clients.    Used to ameliorate the quality of the implemented program since the act of assessing is an intervention. It is very important that, when the program components have been identified, a logical model is created that in graphical terms depicts the relationship between the components of a program and the expected outcome of the components. The logic model can be defined as a set of statements that provide a link for the problems a program is trying to address, the manner in which it will address them, and the immediate and intermediate results (Rossi, et al., 2004). The Logic Model is important in a number of ways. It is useful in developing clarity concerning a program or project that is to be implemented.  Ã‚   Useful in developing consensus among the involved people. Used in pointing out the redundancies and the gaps in a given plan. Used in the identification of the main hypothesis of the program to be implemented. Used to compactly convey what the program or project is all about.  Ã‚   The Logic Model can be used during any given work for the purposes of clarifying the task being done, the reason to why it is done, and the intended outcomes of that work; during program or project planning to ensure that the particular program or project is complete and logical; during evaluation planning in order to focus the evaluation; and during the project or program implementation to act as a template for making comparisons with the real program and as a filter to find out if the proposed changes are appropriate or not (Rossi, et al., 2004).   Process evaluation is characterized by two formats of data collection. The two formats are; Quantitative, archival, or recorded data which can be controlled by a management system or computerized tracking; and the qualitative data which can be acquired by a variety of formats, for example surveys or focus groups. Outcome evaluation Schalock (2001) defines outcome evaluation as the type of evaluation that deals with determining whether, and to which extent, program services or activities have accomplished their designated outcomes among the population of target. Outcome evaluation is usually described by first looking at the basic components of the program. It looks at programs as systems which have activities or processes, inputs, outcomes and outputs. The inputs are the resources and materials that the program uses to carry out its processes, or activities to serve clients, for instance, staff, equipment, volunteers, money, and facilities. They are usually easy to identify and many of the inputs are common to most programs and organizations. Outcome evaluation is very important as measures the changes in the outcomes of the implemented programs and also it establishes that the intervention on the way the program operates causes the observed changes. The most essential decisions in a given evaluation to demonst rate causation, takes into consideration its design, that is, those decisions concerning what will be measured and the time when the evaluations will take place.  Ã‚   The outcome evaluations can either be experimental or quasi-experimental. The experimental evaluations are usually random assignment studies which are used to evaluate the total impacts of a program or the activities of the program, and this allows for the appropriate conclusions to be made concerning the cause and effect.   The quasi-experimental evaluations are used to monitor the outcomes for a single group over time or it can compare the outcomes among the individuals getting the services to a comparison group, national data, or a similar population (Schalock, 2001).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Activities are the processes which a given implemented program does to the customer in order to satisfy his or her needs, for instance, counseling, teaching, feeding, clothing, and sheltering. It is of great significance to note that during the time of keying out the activities in a project or program, the focus is still important on the program or organization, and still not very much on real changes in the customer. Outputs are the units of service concerning the program to be implemented, for instance, the number of individuals, sheltered, clothed, counseled, and fed. The number of customers served only indicates the numerical number of customers who underwent the program. Outcomes are the real impacts for participants after or during the program, for instance, in the case of a smoking cessation program, participants quitting smoking can be the outcome. The outcomes are often expressed in terms of behaviors, skills and knowledge, status, conditions, and values (Schalock, 2001). Outcome evaluation uses a quantitative approach. It usually makes use of randomized controlled trial, comparison group and pre-post comparison. Randomized control trial design uses groups of customers who are assigned randomly to a plausible option or to the treatment in question. The members in all the groups are given similar pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations. The comparison group design is almost the same as the randomized design but the difference is that in comparison group the groups of customers are deliberately and not randomly chosen. The pre-post design is a more realistic design for treatment systems or services having insufficient resources or experience. The pre-post design is less rigorous scientifically but it can give useful results for the uses in program improvement and program accountability.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcome evaluations can be done at various points during the development of a given program. It is advisable that the outcome evaluations are not conducted for start-up programs that have not yet attained a fully incorporated service-delivery models.   It is also not advisable to conduct an outcome evaluation without first conducting the process evaluation that accompanies it. It has been seen that, the findings obtained from the outcome evaluations are used to depict whether or not the involved individuals are receiving the predicted returns of the program (Schalock, 2001).  Ã‚      References Rossi, P., Lipsey, M., Freeman, H. (2004). Evaluation. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Schalock, R., (2001). Outcome-Based Evaluation. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia Essay - 1

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia - Essay Example 2. Increase in cost of traditional energy sources on the energy consumption pattern of Australian household. 3. Impact of increased cash payment on household budget, energy consumption and economic wellbeing. The following section deals with the analysis of the policy implications. Brief review on carbon price mechanism Australia being the hottest and the driest continent on earth has been exposed to drastic changes in the climatic conditions more than any other OECD countries. The excessive temperature variations had affected the country’s agriculture which in turn had effected the food production in the country. Although a meagre amount of green house gases are emitted by the country in contrast to the worldwide share but the intensity of emission is high in terms of per capita GDP. This is largely due to the heavy dependence on the electricity sector which accounts for one third of the country’s emission. In order to rectify the problem of climate change, government ratified Kyoto Protocol in the year 2007.It is expected that the total emission of green house gases will be reduced below 60% by 2020 1 In order to meet this target, government has planned to go for carbon price mechanism. The objective of such a mechanism is to make the dirty energy expensive and the cleaner energy attractive. The big polluters are required to pay on the basis of every tonne of pollutant emitted by them. The mechanism is subject to commencement from July 2012.There will be a fixed price for carbon in the first three years such as $23(1st year), $24.15 (2nd year) and $25.40(3rd year).The fixed price has been devised in order to avoid price shocks. The floor price in the first three years will be AUD15 and the ceiling price has been set at AUD20 which will be above market price. This will be done to ensure greater predictability of price .The presence of floor price also ensures the investors that the price will not fall beyond a certain level. The scheme is expecte d to cover over 60% of Australia’s green house gas emission. However forestry and agriculture are excluded from the scheme. Free permits will be allocated to emission prone industries that are involved in international trade2 Flexible price mechanism will be introduced from 2015, during which carbon price will be evaluated through Emission Trading Scheme. Revenue generated via selling the carbon permits will be utilised in investing to cleaner energy activities. It is also decided that various mechanisms will be used to provide assistance to a number of sectors3. Technically the carbon price mechanism is not a tax. In a paper presented by Antonio Cornwell and John Creedy, it has been cited that a tax on carbon emission will eventually affect fossil fuel prices and hence the consumer prices. Such a price change will then lead to alterations in the levels of final demand, use of fossil fuel and overall carbon dioxide emission4. An important element of this mechanism is to estab lish a system that would govern the dynamics of carbon price within the nation as well as achieve the goal of long term reduction in emission of green house gases. The major thing that concerns the most is the impact of such price mechanism on the households. It has therefore been proposed that the households will be taken care of by revising the family payments, welfare and income tax scenario. Individuals with a family income of AUD65000, will be given a tax

What affect has the Internet had on our Cognitive abilities Research Paper

What affect has the Internet had on our Cognitive abilities - Research Paper Example is widely used as a means of communication around the world and therefore contributes immensely in developing the cognitive abilities of the individual. The authors Berson & Berson (2005) has denoted that the internet has caused a revolution in causing the environments to expand at a global level, the world has turned into a global village since the inception of internet, the people around the world have gained an easy access in interacting with others around the world. Internet has become one of the famous modes of communication around the world among especially youngsters as well as adults (Quigley & Blashki, 2003). The use of internet focuses on developing the cognitive abilities of the individuals. At the educational level the use of internet is considered compulsory as students need to be in touch with the latest happenings of their respective fields and internet is the easiest modes of being in touch with the latest proceedings. The cognitive skills of any being is the capability of implying the mental abilities of any individual at the basic level, and by this use of mental ability, the individual is able to conduct their thinking process, their learning process and their studying process (Keil, 1989). Cognitive Abilities is associated with mental processes in for instance evaluating the sounds that an individual has heard or the images and the information that an individual tries to recall. Also, cognitive abilities include the relationships that are made between different data and information. Cognitive abilities of any human being can be identified and also measured on an individual basis. The strength of the cognitive skill and its efficiency has direct correlations with the learning processes of any individual. There have been different research studies conducted and various theories have been derived for deducing the importance of cognitive abilities and resources so that the variation levels can be understood in the learning processes (de Haan,