Human Rights Violations - 601 Words

There has always been a problem of Human Rights Violations in every part of the world, the same goes with the state of Liberia, regardless of the Government initiatives to fight against Human Rights violations, there are a few unsafe and risky traditions or practices which were persistent in the year 2013 in Liberia which included female genital cutting, forced initiation into secret societies, vehemence against women and children and discrimination revolves around race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. All around 2013 the Independent National Commission on Human Rights proceeded its crusade against child sexual abuse, and held meetings in a few provinces continued its campaign against child sexual abuse, and meetings of consultations were held in several provinces. While there are some laws that promote equality, weaknesses in the law and inadequate implementation prevent the full realization of women’s human rights. The problem is aggravated by the bifurcation of Liberiaâ⠂¬â„¢s laws into formal and customary systems, the latter of which allows discrimination against women in many cases. Not only are these there many social and cultural practices, as well as the deprivation of social and economic rights that contribute to the sub-ordination of women in Liberia. The United Nations were continuing the report on the Convention of Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women by providing the details of the report along with the Government. The national police started toShow MoreRelatedThe Violation Of Human Rights996 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reviewing the Human Rights Watch website, www.hrw.org, I decided to write my paper on the violation of the human rights of people with disabilities. I have a passion for working with people that have disabilities and I think so much more should be done for them. 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The Movie Beethovens 2nd by Rod Daniel Review Example

Essays on The Movie Beethoven's 2nd by Rod Daniel Movie Review The paper "The Movie Beethoven's 2nd by Rod Daniel" is a wonderful example of a movie review on visual arts and film studies. The movie Beethovens 2nd was written by Len Blum and directed by Rod Daniel. The characters in the movie were George, Alice, Ryce, Ted, and Emily - they are the Newton family who owns Beethoven. Regina was the villain in the movie and was helped by her boyfriend, Floyd. Brillo was Regina's future ex-husband, as they were in the process of getting divorced. Also in the characters was Missy, the lady St. Bernard that Beethoven falls in love with and her four puppies which were named Chubby, Doll, Tchaikovsky, and Moe. The movie began in the house of the Newtons, where the family, together with Beethoven, has somehow adjusted to their life. The plot begins when Regina and Brillo were going to have a divorce. Regina wanted to get some money from Brillo, which led her to keep Missy under her custody. Missy escaped Reginas home with Beethoven, Ted and Emily's help but was later on taken back by her mean owner. The Newton kids and Regina found out that Missy had puppies as well, and this made Regina want to get rid of them too. Ted and Emily brought the puppies secretly in their homes and took care of them. They even woke up in the middle of the night to feed them. However, George found out what his kids were doing and were angry because he had to deal with growing dogs again. Due to financial difficulties, Newton had to relocate to a house near the mountains and Beethoven thought the puppies were already safe, but he later knew he was wrong. At the country fair that George and Beethoven participated in, Regina and Floyd saw them, and everything led to one chase after another. Regina took the puppies from the Newton while Beethoven and Missy were able to escape to the forest. Regina and Floyd followed them, and the Newtons realizing that the puppies were taken, ran after Regina. As Floyd attempted to drop the puppies into the river, Beethoven made a heroic move which made Floyd and Regina fall down the river and got washed away. In the end, the Newtons kept the puppies and took care of them, and Missy was reunited with Brillo, and everyone was happy. The theme of the movie is being helpful, just as how Beethoven helped Missy, Ryce and the puppies in the movie. Helping without waiting for any reward is the best form of love even dogs can give.

Critically Evaluate the Debates Surrounding the Continuity Free Essays

string(98) " in economically developed and less developed countries, several changes will have to be adopted\." | 3. Critically evaluate the debates surrounding the continuity of Bretton Woods’s institutions. Which of these institutions would you recommend to be discontinued? Justify your choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically Evaluate the Debates Surrounding the Continuity or any similar topic only for you Order Now While preparing to rebuild the international economic system after WWII, 730 delegates of the 44 allied nations met in New Hampshire, United States, to form the Bretton Woods agreement. The aim was to set up rules and regulations to stabilize the global monetary system and ensure the free movement of capital goods through a global market. The agreement established two regulatory institutions, firstly the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to control the exchange rates and bridge temporary imbalances of payment. Secondly, the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), later known as the World Bank, which was founded to finance the reconstruction of post war Europe. In 1947 the Havana Charter proposed a third regulatory institution, the International Trade Organization (ITO) that transformed into the World Trade Organization (WTO). This essay will critically evaluate the performance of the three Bretton Wood? s institutions, giving recommendations to operational changes for the IMF and the WTO, and argue to discontinue the WB as it operates currently. The IMF was one of the key institutions that stabilized the world economy after WWII. Its initial goal was to regulate and stabilize exchange rates and assists the reconstruction of the world’s international payment system. One of the key objectives of the IMF was to prevent the devaluation cycle. Through joining the IMF in the post War period, countries surrendered their economic rights, especially on setting its exchange rate, in return they were guarantied â€Å"exchange stability, avoidance of competitive exchange depreciation and a liberal regime of international repayments† (deVries, 1986). Essentially the original conception behind the IMF, was to control the behaviour of countries that joined the IMF, â€Å"spelled out in a code that was administered by an international institution†. The 1970s oil crisis was a turning point for the role that the IMF played. Third world countries were most affected by the oil crisis, since their economies became dependent on oil and the increasing prices accumulated large amounts of debt. The IMF agreed to lend money, and rose to †new prominence, with new functions and greater powers of control over even more dependent countries† (Peet, 2009). The main change in the IMFs mission, is the shift of lending to first world countries, in order to reconstruct the world payment system using expansionary policies, to lending to third world countries, accompanied by â€Å"conditionality’s†, which restrict countries fiscal and monetary policies. Anne Kruger, managing director of the IMF, said; â€Å"Much of what we do is very different from the way the Fund operated in those early years. It has to be. The world economy has changed beyond recognition. But we still apply those same core principles, international financial stability and the prevention of crises† (Kruger 2004) The IMF became subject to severe criticism, one of the main critics is Joseph Stiglitz. He argued that the IMF has failed its mission to sustain global economic stability. The main point of his argument is that the IMF has diverged its initial mission â€Å"based on the assumption that markets did not always work perfectly, that is, there were times when intervention might be needed to secure a stable global economic order â€Å"(Stiglitz, 2002) Now, he argues, the IMF operates largely on the untenable ideology that markets should be left to operate on their own, with no need of intervention. The Washington Consensus largely influenced the change in economic policies of the IMF. The Consensus was based on Latin American countries, were growth was not sustained. The belief of the Washington Consensus was that this had happened as a result of excessive government intervention in the economy. The Consensus therefore recommended policies such as capital market liberalization, fiscal austerity and the privatisation of public companies. Furthermore, critics say; â€Å"the IMF frequently argues for the same economic policies regardless of the situation. † (Pettinger, 2008) The IMF blindly imposed the same â€Å"conditionality’s† to all its loans. What policies might have worked for one country might make matters even worse in others. The Argentinean financial crisis (1999-2002), underlines that the policies imposed by the IMF can lead a country into a severe recession. The IMF convinced the Argentinean government to maintain its fixed rate of exchange: one peso for one U. S. dollar. This made imports artificially cheap but exports too expensive. Consequently, Argentina had a severe trade deficit. Secondly, in order to maintain the overvalued currency, a country needs large reserve of dollars. The IMF lent $40 billion to support the Argentina peso, enhancing the debt of the country. On top the IMF made its loans conditional to a „zero deficitâ€Å" policy. „Argentina’s implosion has the IMF’s fingerprints all over it. â€Å" (Weisbrot, 2001) However the IMF has also been the last opportunity for many countries to avoid a default. Most currently, the IMF has given Greece a 1. 6 billion euro loan, to keep the Greek economy floating, and stabilize the euro zone. Another criticism of the IMF is that decisions made on which countries have the right to borrow money are made by a handful of nations who have the main rights. Out of the 24 board members in the IMF, only 10 are occupied by developing countries, holding only 26% of the shares. America in comparison has nearly 18% of the shares in the IMF. This inequality in the board of the IMF shows that decisions are mainly focused in developed countries. Stiglitz argues that the IMFs decisions were driven by the collective will of the G7. Wealthy, industrialized nations, and the commercial and financial interests within those countries dominate the IMF. The IMF was not falsely criticized, however the existence of the IMF is still important and inevitable. The current financial crisis has shown that supranational organizations such as the IMF still play a key role in stabilizing countries economies. However in order for the IMF to prosper in future and efficiently operate in economically developed and less developed countries, several changes will have to be adopted. You read "Critically Evaluate the Debates Surrounding the Continuity" in category "Essay examples" Firstly the board members will have to split up more evenly. It is understandable that larger countries with more economic output have slightly more voting power than smaller ones. However developed countries, holding 74% of voting power, solely make decisions. Since the IMF largely gives loans to less developed countries, they should have enough members on the board to able to make decisions, on loan agreements. Secondly the IMF has to make detailed analyses of each country they borrow too, and based on that give consultancy on economic policies. History has shown that countries can prosper with different economic policies. While the western economy has largely grown on a liberalized free market, the Asian Tigers have managed to grow, ignoring the neoliberal economic policies the IMF imposed on them. Therefore the IMF must acknowledge that not every country can develop successfully under the same economic policy. The World Bank is the second institution founded at the Breton Woods conference. It was formally named the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The initial role was to help in the reconstruction of post-war Europe, hardly mentioning the issues of global poverty reduction. Now, however the World Bank operates as a development agency, providing loans to developing countries, in order to reduce poverty and increase living standards. In its mission statement the bank says, â€Å"Our dream is a world without poverty†. The size of the World Bank has also changed dramatically, starting with 38 members in 1946, to 187 members currently. The World Bank comprises two main institutions, the IBRD and the International Development Agency (IDA). The IBRD provides loans to creditworthy middle-income countries, charging an interest rate of around 1%. It raises money through bond sales in the international capital market. These bonds have a triple A rating, since they are backed by member states share capital. The IDA, on the other handy, focuses on providing long-term, interest-free loans â€Å"to the world’s 78 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa†, (World Bank official website, 2011) addressing issues such as primary education, basic health services clean water supply and many others. â€Å"Resources to fund IDA loans are raised through subscriptions from wealthy members such as United States, Japan and Germany† (Hill, 2002) The IBRD financed several successful projects in various areas in the developing world and was able to improve the living conditions and reduce the poverty rate in some areas. The IBRD, for example, largely funded the education system in Mexico. The WB funded over 18,000 schools under the â€Å"Quality Schools Programâ€Å" in rural areas of the country. Recently the WB has granted a 300 million US dollar loan, to further support Mexico’s School Education System (Educacion y Cultura, 2012). The IDA has also successfully reduced poverty and improved infrastructure in some areas of the world. A notable example is the „Highway Programâ€Å" in Azerbaijan, which focuses on â€Å"improving international and domestic road networks for stimulating economic growthâ€Å" (World Bank Official Website, 2011) The highway project reduces travel time by 33%, stimulates trade and business along the rural area and created over 20,000 jobs. However the World Bank has faced some severe criticism as well. One of the strongest criticisms has been the negative environmental impact of some the World Bank projects. For instance, the construction of the Yacyreta dam in the 1990s in Argentina, which was largely funded by the World Bank. As a result of the dam, over 40,000 people have been displaced, and the majority of them were not compensated for their losses (The Whirled Bank Group, 2002). Furthermore, because of the dam construction several children failed to reach their school. The dam also had negative impacts on biodiversity, and due to the calm waters, diseases such as malaria and the dengue fever started to spread. Another controversial aspect of the World Bank has been its undemocratic governance structure, which is dominated by the main developed nations. These countries choose the leadership and senior management of the World Bank, and so their interests dominate the bankâ€Å" (Cornell University Press, 2006) Similarly to the IMF, the US holds the most voting power with 15. 8%, additionally all World Bank presidents have come from the US. Japan and China follow with only 7% and 6% voting power correspondingly. This large voting power inequality shows how voiceless most of the developing countries are, although nearly all loans affect their economies. The last, and arguably the most important criticism of the World Bank, are the neoliberal policies that World Bank imposed on lending nations. The ideas that were created in the Washington Consensus, including the deregulation and liberalization of markets, privatization and the downscaling of government, were seen as they key policies to promote development. However, what might have worked for the western economies might not be the best solution for developing nations. Usually the World Bank imposes structural adjustments to countries to which they lend money. These adjustments include reduced state support, and the liberalization of markets. Studies have shown that these policies have led to intensified poverty and a slowdown in the economy, especially in African nations. Richard Peet claims that the austerity policies attached to the World Bank have â€Å" declined the per Capita income by 25% in sub-Saharan Africa, and the removal of food and agricultural subsidies caused prizes to rise and created food insecurity† (Peet, 2003). The policies have not only exacerbated poverty, but due to the imposed decline of health expenditures of governments, HIV and other diseases spread rapidly, causing the life expectancy of Africans to drop by fifteen years during the last two decades. In the Millennium Development Goal 6, the World Bank states, â€Å"to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS, through prevention, care, treatment, and mitigation services for those affected by HIV/AIDSâ€Å". Although the WB has been successfully fighting AIDS in some African nations, spending over 3,000 million USD in the construction of HIV testing and teaching sites, it has worsened the situation in other areas through imposing neoliberal economic policies on countries. Overall the â€Å"World Bank is an institution out of time and place† (Rich, 1994). The IBRD claims to be a development agency, however the institution is funded through issuing bonds on the capital market, creating a conflict of interest. Due to the fact that numerous shareholders own the IBRD, they will always have the pressure to create shareholder value, and cannot focus their attention solemnly on poverty reduction. Furthermore, the World Bank has largely overlapping interest with the IMF, especially the IBRD. They both focus on the same core neoliberal policies, and impose these on the countries they lend money to. These policies have mostly ended in poverty and economic failure in developing countries. Consequently, the IBRD should be discontinued, and the capital that the IBRD holds could be transferred to the IDA. The IDA could then be reorganised as a subgroup of the IMF. This would not only give the IMF a better image, but also infuse new ideas into the organisation. The IMF can still give similar loans as the IBRD did, since they have the capital and the power to credit those loans. There is no doubt that the IDA is an important institution with the correct core values, ut there is simply no need for two supranational institutions focusing on the same broad goals. On top, over the last decades, there have been increasing inflows of FDI into developing countries and private microfinance, which can boost development and GDP growth. The main role of the IDA should therefore be consultancy, to ensure the private loans are used effectively. An increased cooperation with the United Nations Deve lopment Programme (UNDP) and the UN should ensure sustainable poverty reduction. The third supranational institution, originating from the Breton Woods agreement is the World Trade Organization. Initially named the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), it aimed to govern international trade relations, since countries would use tariffs to protect their own economies at the expense of their neighbours. This was seen as a threat to push the economy into a further recession; hence an institution was needed to encourage the free flow of goods and services. The GATT was transformed into the WTO in 1994, under the Marrakech Agreement. Currently, the WTO has 154 members, and embraces 95% of the global market. Its mission still is, to supervise and liberalize international trade. It has two main functions, firstly to provide a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes. If there is a dispute the WTO may direct the „loosingâ€Å" member to take action to bring its laws, regulations or policies into conformity with the WTO Agreements, however there is no punishment enforced. Secondly, it „oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreementsâ€Å" (WTO official website, 2012). The WTO claims that the introduced trading system has produced several benefits. Listed in the 10 benefits of the WTO) The main benefits are, firstly, that free trade generally cuts the cost of living and gives the consumer more choice. The reduced trade barriers through negotiations results in reduced costs for producers, reducing the price of finished goods and services, ultimately resulting in a lower cost of living. The increased global competition also forces produ cers to cut costs, again resulting in a benefit for the consumer. Secondly, lowering trade barriers adds to personal income. The WTO claims since the Uruguay Round trade deal between $109 and 510 billion dollars were added to the world income. In Europe, the EU Commission calculates that over 1989–93 EU incomes increased by 1. 1–1. 5% more than they would have done without the Single Market. Thirdly, trade stimulates economic growth, which could lead to increased jobs, if countries have the correct adjustment policies. Lastly, the least criticized benefit of the WTO, is that the system is based on the rules rather than power. Meaning that voting power is equal for every member, and decisions are largely made by consensus. Rich and poor countries alike have an equal right to challenge each other in the WTO’s dispute settlement procedures. Although the WTO claims that free trade is essentially positive for all nations, critics have targeted the 10 benefits of WTO harshly. Richard Peet argues, that the WTO clearly does not adopt a neutral stance on trade policy. He further says; the WTO â€Å" is passionately against protectionism and just profoundly for trade liberalization† (Peet, 2003). The WTO therefore generally favours some interests while harming others. Furthermore, Peet targets the effect of free trade on workers and unemployment. The fact that the WTO shows no evidence for the increase in employment, stating reliable estimates become impossible, shows that there is little behind this benefit. Quite on the contrary, several workers have lost their job as result of free trade, due to increased competition and the cost reduction of manufacturers. Furthermore, free trade often resulted in developing countries trading more but actually earning less. The reason being, many countries were unable to shift their production from primary commodities to manufacturing. The increased competition between developing countries and dropping commodity prizes meant lower profit margins. Another point of criticism deals with the TRIPs agreement, which sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property. Critics argue that the TRIPS agreement has a detrimental effect on the access of medicine in developing countries. The most controversial issue involves the use of drugs to cure AIDS. For example, Thailand suspended the patents of drugs treating HIV and heart conditions, to make the medicine affordable for poor patients. The EU and the US protested formally and the US even threatened retaliatory actions. The WTOs operations have also been criticised for being biased towards developed nations. While the EU has largely enforced trade protectionist measures, subsidizing the textile and agricultural industry, developing nations have been forced to open their markets. European and US lobbyism plays a great role in the WTO, and explains why the US and the EU were allowed to use these protectionist measures. In general, the WTO has proved to be an extremely useful institution for freer trade, and in some cases successfully enhanced the growth of nations. However several developing countries have felt the downside of free trade, with some of their economies shrinking due to increased competition combined with higher unemployment rates. Nevertheless, according to Ingo Walter an international trade professor at NYU â€Å"the world as a whole is certainly materially better off under free trade than with no trade at all and so is the individual nationâ€Å" (Walter, 2011). The WTO will face several challenges in the future, including trade negotiation between BRIC countries and the EU and US. â€Å"If export-oriented interests mobilize in countries, including the BRICs, they will push for reciprocal market openings† (Schaffer, 2009) The WTO must ensure negotiations are fair, and to ensure that they cannot allow US and EU multinationals to interfere with the WTOs decision making. In conclusion, the critics towards the Bretton Woods institutions have several core similarities. These critics argue that the institutions do not effectively alleviate poverty, they are generally poorly governed and developing countries remain marginal and without influence in decision-making. Those institutions have profoundly affected the developing world and it is time for a reform of these organizations. This essay has outlined the possibility of a united World Bank and IMF, in order to pool the capital towards a common goal. For this merger to succeed the IMF will have to undergo serious restructuring and embrace a goal towards the sustainable development of the world economy. Word Count: 3228 References: Bretton Woods Project. What are the main concerns and criticism about the World Bank and IMF? Available: http://www. brettonwoodsproject. org/item. shtml? x=320869 (Accessed: 15 March. 2012) de Vries,M. G. (1986) The International Monetary Fund 1966-1971. Washington D. C: International Monetary Fund Education y Cultura. (2012, March 14) World Bank lends Mexico 300 million dollars for high school. (Education y Cultura) Available: http://www. ducacionyculturaaz. com/noticias/bm-presta-a-mexico-300-mdd-para-educacion-media/? lang=en (Accessed: 20 March. 2012) Goddard. C. R, Conklin. J, ; Passe-SMmith. T. (1996) Open World: International Political Economy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Pub Griesgraber,J. M. Gunter B. G. (1996) The World’s Monetary System: towards stability and Sustainability in the Twenty-f irst Century. London: Pluto Press Hill C. W. L. (2002) International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace 3rd ed. London: McGraw-Hill Irwin Irwin,A. I. (1999) Do we need the WTO? Available: http://www. cato. org/pubs/journal/cj19n3/cj19n3-2. df (Accessed: 17 March. 2012) Kruger,A. (June 2004) The IMF at 60: Equipped for Today’s Challenges? Available: http://www. imf. org/external/np/speeches/2004/062304. htm (Accessed: 17 March. 2012) Legrain,P. (2007) Open World: The Truth about Globalisation. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Peet,R. (2007) The Geography of Power: the making of global economic policy. Oxford: University Press Peet,R. (2003) Unholy Trinity, The IMF, World Bank and WTO 2nd ed. London: Zed Books Pettinger,T. (2008, 10 November) Criticism of IMF. Available: http://econ. economicshelp. org/2008/11/criticism-of-imf. tml (Accessed: 17 March. 2012) Schaffer,G. (2009, February 24) Future of the WTO- Liberal Ideas and Domestic Politics. Available: http://uchicagolaw. typ epad. com/faculty/2009/02/future-of-the-wto-liberal-ideas-and-domestic-politics-gregory-shaffer. html (Accessed 20 March. 2012) Sinha,A. (2012) What are the important advantages of Free Trade ? http://www. preservearticles. com/201012291889/important-advantages-free-trade. html (Accessed: 20 March. 2012) Stiglitz,J. (2002) Globalization and its Discontents. London: Penguin Books Stiglitz,J. (2007) Making Globalization Work: The Next Steps to Global Justice. London: Penguin Weisbrot,M. (2001, December 25) Argentina’s Crisis, IMF’s Fingerprints. (Washington Post) Available: http://www. washingtonpost. com/ac2/wp-dyn? pagename=articlenode=contentId=A22623-2001Dec24 (Accessed: 20 March. 2012) World Bank Group. (2011) Azerbaijan Highway Program. Available: http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,print:Y~isCURL:Y~contentMDK:22739570~menuPK:64256345~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00. html (Accessed 20 March. 2012) WTO. (2012) Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. Available: How to cite Critically Evaluate the Debates Surrounding the Continuity, Essay examples

Engagement Activities Redesign Initiatives â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Engagement Activities Redesign Initiatives? Answer: Introduction The Time-Driven Activity Based Costing System (TDABC) is a modern budgeting system that aims to simplify the entire process of costing. This particular study aims to focus on evaluating the suitability of the Time-Driven Activity Based Costing System from the perspective of a graduate consultant, who has been employed in a management consultancy firm. The particular assumption that has been undertaken is one of the major clients of the firm has been Boral Limited. Boral Limited is one of the top manufacturing firms of the nation (French 2016). The suitability of the Time-Driven Activity Based Costing System (TDABC) has been assessed in terms with the Boral Limited. The inner business operations of Boral Limited have been aimed to have an overview into. Next, the concepts and features of TDABC have also been discussed. The final step involves the ascertainment of the fact whether the TDABC is suitable for Boral Limited or not (ker and Ad?gzel 2016). Description of Boral Limited The name Boral Limited is much well-known as it is a multinational company. The company deals in the manufacture and supply of iron and other construction materials. The conglomerate is based out of Australia and has extended its business operations in USA as well as in Asia. In 2017, the total sales revenue of the organization has been amounted up to 4.39 billion AUD. The total employee count of the organization has been 16,000. The operating sites of the company have been 700, approximately. The names of the segregated divisions of the organization have been Boral Australia, Boral North America and USG Boral. The management of Boral Limited has chosen to implement TDABC in the organization. The organization manufactures a number of products like asphalt, quarry and concrete, bricks, masonry, softwood and hardwood. Time-Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) its concepts and features The Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing has been found out to be laden with a number of issues. For the purpose of overcoming these issues, the TDABC system of costing has been developed. In comparison to the activity based costing this particular system of costing has been found out to be simpler and cheaper. The model of TDABC is useful in apportioning the costs of resources to the cost objects. This has been particularly carried out with the help of an improved framework that essentially requires two groups of estimates (Parekh 2016). The fundamental features of TDABC can be listed down as follows: The particular costs that are associated with the resource costs are accurately computed by the TDABC. To understand this more clearly, a department of Boral Australia has been taken into consideration. The department primarily deals in the orders that are placed by the customers. Now, the system of the TDABC accurately determines the costs of the resources like the occupancy, supervision, resource personnel and equipment that is acquired for the process of production. The costing system also incorporates the segregation of the total cost by the time that is available to the workers in the department for arriving at the rate of cost capacity (McLaughlin 2014). TDABC system has been associated with the utilization of the capacity cost rate to link the resource costs with the particular cost objects. This is essentially executed with the projection of the demand in regards to the resource capacity. The considered department of the organization in implementing the TDABC has to determine the time that will be taken to process the order of the customer. However, it has to be noted here that it is not at all mandatory for the system to match the order of the customers. The system permits the estimated time to vary in accordance to the different demands by the different customers. The order may be in the nature of manual or automated orders like the expedited orders, global orders, orders related to fragile products and new customer orders. Therefore, the simulation of the essential procedures is executed by the system which results in the smooth flowing of work across the organization. The TDABC system can also capacitate the high-level complica tions and variations in relation to the estimation of the data and processing or storage capacities (Akhavan, Ward and Bozic 2016). Differences between TDABC, activity based costing and traditional costing systems Robert Kaplan had developed the TDABC and ABC systems of costing in the year of 1890. It had been ascertained that the conventional system of costing is not effective enough to distribute the costs among the different heads and has effectively failed to identify the profitable customers. Such a drawback gave rise to the models of TDABC and ABC costing. It should be noted here that both TDC and ABC costing leads to the accurate calculation of the whole profitability of the customer. This would further benefit the firms by the gathering of the potentially correct information through the realization of the cost drivers (Thaker, Frank and Feeley 2015). Traditional Costing System Numerous organizations make use of the traditional costing system in the recent times. This involves the allocation of the manufacturing overheads in accordance to the units produced. The traditional costing system essentially believes that the volume metric is the major cost driver that is associated with the manufacturing overhead. This particular system involves the cost accountants allocating the manufacturing costs in regards to, only the products. The traditional method of costing does not take into consideration the non-manufacturing expenses that are related to the process of production of like the administrative expenses. The traditional costing system will soon become obsolete and as the organization using them have resorted to computers and machines for ensuring optimum production. This is because the computers and machines that are being used are technologically improved to be used with the current system. This may lead to inaccurate results as the cost driver that has been selected is not at all appropriate. The traditional costing system does not take into account the different drivers of cost that has been used in that might be included in the total cost of a particular product (Hooze and Hansen 2014). Activity Based Costing The Activity based costing is a reliable costing system that gives a proper overview into the product cost. The particular bases that have been used for allocating the costs in this particular system is different than the bases that are used in the traditional costing system. The activity based costing essentially involves the identification of the different activities that are involved in the process of production of a particular product and associates these processes with different activity costs. The costs that have been allocated to the activities are next allocated to the products that are required for the overall production. The major benefit provided by the activity based costing is that it does take into account the product costs that are not relevant. However, ABC costing is an expensive and time-consuming system of costing (Siguenza-Guzman 2014). Time-Driven-Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) system: The TDABC system of costing has been a further developed version of ABC costing. This is because this particular system of costing provides certain benefits that are not provided by ABC costing (Inverso 2014). These benefits are as follows: The TDABC system works in association with the customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning The system can efficiently deal in a huge number of transactions in much less time The system also alerts the management of the organization about the unused resources This system of costing facilitates a look into the capacity in regards to the time units Appropriateness of TDABC to Boral Limited The conclusion that can be arrived at, after the comparative study between TDABC and two other models of costing, is that TDABC is the most appropriate costing method for Boral Limited. This is particularly because the TDABC costing system provides an overview into the efficiency rate of the capacities along with the capability of the organization to estimate the demand of the future resources. The firm has been facing extreme competition in relation to its fellow competitors. Thus, it is advisable that it reduces its cost of production. This system of costing also allows Boral to eliminate the costs that are irrelevant in nature. The TDABC costing system can also be applied to the online services. In case of other systems of costing, these benefits cannot be acquired. The administration of the organization can particularly benefit by analyzing the data related to costs, online. These may include higher indirect costs like website designing, research and development and other related services. But the per unit cost will always be lower. The management of the organization can also benefit by using the TDABC system by lowering the service cost that is incurred in facilitating the providence of online products like cement and lime. The TDABC system of costing would help the organization to develop its online services in a better way in comparison to the other systems of costing. The proper scrutiny of the overhead costs is also facilitated by this system as it provides detailed information into the activates that have been executed for providing the online services. The TDABC costing system also facilitates the service of transferring relevant and crucial information to the managers of the organization in a fast and cheaper way. The TDABC system does not depend on the nature of business for which it is being utilized and provides information that is cost effective. Therefore, Boral Limited should consider adopting the TDABC costing technique for reducing the production costs and ensuring increased dominance and revenue. Conclusion Thus, as it can be obtained from the discussion in the preceding paragraphs, the TDABC system of costing is a developed and highly suitable costing system. 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